Wood compression in four-dimensional <i>in situ</i> tomography

Wood deformation, in particular when subject to compression, exhibits scale-free avalanche-like behavior as well structure-dependent localization of deformation. We have taken three-dimensional (3D) x-ray tomographs during compression with constant stress rate loading. Using digital volume correlation, we obtain the local total strain experiment and compare it global acoustic emission. The wood cells collapse layer by throughout sample starting from softest parts, i.e., spring wood. As damage progresses, more softwood layers collapse, which indicates spreading instead localization. In 3D, one can see a fat-tailed distribution, indicating that inside layers, occurs localized spots. observed log-normal distribution is agreement this view development independent collapses or irreversible deformation events. A key feature mechanical then complex interaction between among annual rings.